Gli accordi di riconciliazione per i crimini del colonialismo: quale ruolo per le vittime?

Titolo Rivista SOCIETÀ E STORIA
Autori/Curatori Alessandro Bufalini
Anno di pubblicazione 2025 Fascicolo 2025/190
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 23 P. 831-853 Dimensione file 217 KB
DOI 10.3280/SS2025-190004
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Nel corso degli ultimi quindici anni, tre accordi internazionali sono stati conclusi con l’obiettivo di una riconciliazione per le violenze perpetrate nel periodo coloniale: il patto di amicizia tra Italia e Libia del 2008, l’accordo del 2015 tra Corea e Giappone per risarcire le vittime del sistema giapponese di prostituzione forzata e la dichiarazione congiunta del 2021 tra Germania e Namibia, relativa al genocidio dei popoli Nama e OvaHerero. Questo articolo intende studiare il ruolo che le vittime di quelle violenze (o meglio, i loro discendenti e rappresentanti) hanno svolto nel processo di negoziazione e conclusione di queste intese: la mancata (o limitata) partecipazione delle vittime al processo negoziale sembra infatti all’origine di un sostanziale fallimento di almeno due di questi accordi. Appare dunque interessante domandarsi – anche alla luce di alcune recenti prassi statali e prese di posizione di organi delle Nazioni Unite – se il c.d. treatymaking power sia ancora una prerogativa esclusiva degli Stati (ovvero dei governi e, talvolta, dei parlamenti nazionali) o si possa invece immaginare un’evoluzione del diritto internazionale nel senso di rendere vincolante, almeno per determinate tipologie di accordi, il coinvolgimento di alcuni individui o gruppi di individui nel processo di negoziazione e conclusione dei trattati internazionali.

Parole chiave:colonialismo, riconciliazione, vittime, popoli indigeni, autodeterminazione, trattati internazionali.

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Alessandro Bufalini, Gli accordi di riconciliazione per i crimini del colonialismo: quale ruolo per le vittime? in "SOCIETÀ E STORIA " 190/2025, pp 831-853, DOI: 10.3280/SS2025-190004