RISULTATI RICERCA

Thanks to the Internet, the consumer is now becoming increasingly more creative. This happens because there is a democratisation pf the means of the production, so that the distance between producer and consumer is increasingly narrowing. Wikipedia, is an example of this process of collecting and sharing knowledge. The same process is shown for goods and services for which the motivation to participate in the creation of an effect depends on the relationship with the brand or with the need to increase satisfaction obtained by it’s potential use.

Production, distribution and consumption are usually described in managerial literature as equally strong, following the so-called theory of balancing powers. Actually, in Italy power has always been concentred in the hands of producers, whereas distribution looks archaic and fragmented and consumers are deprived of representative organisations. But this scenery is changing, getting more and more consumer-oriented (not just marketing-oriented). For the first time in history, we can remark a convergence of interests between producers and consumers, as customer satisfaction emerges as the main competitive asset.

This study presents an analysis of the financial statements of consortia from 2005 to 2012. The data come from the final accounts made available by the Ministry of Interior and cover 404 consortia and 2,090 participating municipalities that, with an average adhesion of 5.17 municipalities per consortium, represent 25.95% of the total municipalities. The goal of the analysis is to identify the existence of different types of consortia, characterized by both the composition of joint expenses and financing sources, and to assess the effect that the consortium has on both the overall levels of spending and its composition. In light of the above data, we can state that the weight, in terms of revenue and expenditure of municipal consortia, within the Italian public administration has so far been modest. However, the degree of activism of consortia, in terms of the ratio between the consortium per capita expenditure and the per capita expenditure of the belonging municipalities, is very heterogeneous both regionally and for spending functions.

This paper deals with the effects of the reform of Italian Regions’ financing system which is under realization in 1999. The reform is based on the substitution of central government grants with a tax sharing system and on the introduction of a new equalization grants mechanism. Equalization rants are aimed to correct fiscal imbalances across Regions and to uarantee the provision of health services at standard level in every Region. The paper highlights the critical points of the reform. On one hand, the new financing system does not guarantee to the Regions the resources needed to meet the growth of health services demand, due to population ageing. On the other hand, the reform does not provide any equalization mechanism for the tax revenues yielded by the autonomous fiscal effort performed by single Regions.

Gli autori presentano una procedura formalizzata di intervento terapeutico che guida il clinico passo dopo passo. L’obiettivo è insegnare cosa fare e quando farlo, di fronte a sintomi come delirio persecutorio e allucinazioni uditive. Un manuale destinato a psichiatri, psicologi, psicoterapeuti, medici, specializzandi in psichiatria, psicologia clinica e psicoterapia di qualsiasi orientamento. Per il suo linguaggio non iniziatico e l’abbondanza di resoconti narrativi di casi clinici, incuriosirà anche il lettore non addetto ai lavori.