Triangolazione e conflitto genitore-figlio, due possibili meccanismi per spiegare gli effetti del conflitto genitoriale e co-genitoriale sull’adattamento dei figli: una revisione sistematica della letteratura

Titolo Rivista MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA
Autori/Curatori Alessandra Bavagnoli, Angelica Cristal Sirotich, Alessandra Marelli
Anno di pubblicazione 2024 Fascicolo 2024/1 Lingua Italiano
Numero pagine 30 P. 15-44 Dimensione file 281 KB
DOI 10.3280/MAL2024-001002
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

L’evidenza empirica ha da tempo dimostrato che il conflitto genitoriale e co-genitoriale possano avere effetti nocivi sull’adattamento psicologico dei figli. Due possibili mecca-nismi in grado di spiegare gli effetti del conflitto sull’adattamento s-no la tendenza dei figli a triangolarsi nel conflitto stesso e il conflitto genitore-figlio. La presente revisione sistematica ha l’obiettivo di comprendere lo stato dell’arte della letteratura rispetto a queste associazioni. Sono stati utilizzati tre database: SCOPUS, Web of Science e EBSCO-host Research Database per individuare gli studi in APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo e MEDLINE. Sono stati individuati duecentodieci articoli pubblicati tra il 1996 e il 2023. Dopo aver rimosso i duplicati, aver selezionato e valutato l’idoneità del materiale, sono stati selezionati venti articoli. Gli articoli revisionati hanno mostrato associazioni tra il conflitto genitoriale e co-genitoriale sia con la trian-golazione sia con il conflitto genitore-figlio. Un interessante e meno esplorato filone di studi ha dimostrato anche gli effetti della triangolazione sul conflitto genitore-figlio. Questa revisione rinforza l’importanza di sviluppare altri studi empirici sul tema e, in particolare, studi che esplorino gli effetti della triangolazione sul conflitto genitore-figlio.;

Keywords:conflitto genitoriale, co-genitorialità negativa, co-genitorialità conflit-tuale, triangolazione, conflitto genitore-figlio

  1. Ahrons, C. R. (1981). The continuing co-parental relationship between divorced spouses. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 415-428.
  2. Amato, P. R., & Afifi, T. D. (2006). Feeling caught between parents: Adult children’s relations with parents and subjective well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 222-235.
  3. Baril, M. E., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2007). Processes linking adolescent well-being, marital love, and coparenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 645-654. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.645
  4. Bavagnoli, A. (2023). Co-Parenting and Dysfunctional Parenting: A Systematic Review. Maltrattamento e abuso all’infanzia, 25(2), 57-93. DOI: 10.3280/MAL2023-002008
  5. Bowen, M. (1978). Society, crisis, and systems theory. In M. Bowen (Ed.), Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson, 413-45
  6. Bradford, K., Vaughn, L. B., & Barber, B. K. (2008). When there is conflict: Interparental conflict, parent-child conflict, and youth problem behaviors. Journal of Family Issues, 29(6), 780-805. DOI: 10.1177/0192513X07308043
  7. Braiker, H. B., & Kelley, H. H. (1979). Conflict in the development of close relationships. Social Exchange in Developing Relationships, 135, 168.
  8. Branje, S. J., Hale, W. W., Frijns, T., & Meeus, W. H. (2010). Longitudinal associations between perceived parent-child relationship quality and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(6), 751-763.
  9. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
  10. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 57-71). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/13620-004
  11. Buchanan, C. M. & Waizenhofer, R. (2001). In Booth A., Crouter A. C., & Clements M. (Eds.), The impact of interparental conflict on adolescent children: Considerations of family systems and family structure. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ. (disponibile online: https://www.proquest.com/books/impact-interparental-conflict-on-adolescent/docview/619618340/se-2?accountid=9941).
  12. Buchanan, C. M., Maccoby, E. E. & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Caught between parents: Adolescents’ experience in divorced homes. Child Development, 62(5), 1008-1029. DOI: 10.2307/1131149
  13. Buehler, C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Anthony, C., Pemberton, S., & Barber, B. (1998). Interparental conflict styles and youth problem behaviors: A two-sample replication study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60, 119-132. DOI: 10.2307/353446
  14. Buehler, C. & Welsh, D. P. (2009). A process model of adolescents’ triangulation into parents’ marital conflict: The role of emotional reactivity. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 167-180.
  15. Bukhari, S., & Masood, S. (2019). Adolescent triangulation into interparental conflict: Role of cognitive appraisals and birth-order. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(6), 712-726. DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2018.1511418
  16. Busby, D. M., Holman, T. B., & Taniguchi, N. (2001). RELATE: Relationship evaluation of the individual, family, cultural, and couple contexts. Family Relations, 50(4), 308-316.
  17. Camisasca, E., & Miragoli, S. (2014). Stress post-traumatico in esperienze di violenza cronica. Maltrattamento & Abuso all’Infanzia, 16, 7-11. DOI: 10.3280/MAL2014-002001
  18. Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., & Di Blasio, P. (2019a). Children’s cognitive and emotional processes in adult versus child-related inter-parental conflicts. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15(4), 843.
  19. Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., & Covelli, V. (2021). Dallo stress economico al malessere psicologico dei minori durante la pandemia da COVID-19: Quale ruolo per il conflitto co-genitoriale e le pratiche educative autoritarie?. Maltrattamento e Abuso all’Infanzia, 23(1), 13-27. DOI: 10.3280/MAL2021-001002
  20. Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., & Di Blasio, P. (2019b). Children’s triangulation during inter-parental conflict: Which role for maternal and paternal parenting stress?. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1623-1634.
  21. Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Di Blasio, P., & Feinberg, M. (2019). Co-parenting mediates the influence of marital satisfaction on child adjustment: The conditional indirect effect by parental empathy. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 519-53.
  22. Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Di Blasio, P., & Grych, J. (2017). Children’s Coping Strategies to Inter-Parental Conflict: The Moderating Role of Attachment. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 26(4), 1099-1111.
  23. Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Di Blasio, P., & Feinberg, M. (2022). Pathways Among Negative Co-parenting, Parenting Stress, Authoritarian Parenting Style, and Child Adjustment: The Emotional Dysregulation Driven Model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(11), 3085-3096.
  24. Camisasca, E., Di Blasio, P., Traficante, D., Lombardi, E., Balzarotti, S., Marelli, A., Bavagnoli, A. & Miragoli, S. (2023). The Coparenting Relationship Scale: The First Contribution To The Validation Of The Measure In Italian Mothers And Fathers. TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 30(4), 365-390. DOI: 10.4473/TPM30.4.1
  25. Cheung, R.Y.M. (2021). Constructive Interparental Conflict and Child Adjustment in the Chinese Context: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Security and Disintegration Avoidance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 733-745.
  26. Davies, P. T., Thompson, M. J., Hentges, R. F., Parry, L. Q., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2022). Interparental conflict as a quadratic predictor of children’s reactivity to interparental conflict and school adjustment: Steeling effects or risk saturation?. Child Development, 93(2), 594-611.
  27. Davis, B. T., Hops, H., Albert, A., & Sheeber, L. (1998). Child responses to parental conflict and their effect on adjustment: A study of triadic relations. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 163-177. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.12.2.163
  28. Dollberg, D. G., Hanetz Gamliel, K., & Levy, S. (2021). Mediating and moderating links between coparenting, parental mentalization, parents’ anxiety, and children’s behavior problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(3), 324.
  29. El-Sheikh, M., Harger, J., & Whitson, S. M. (2001). Exposure to interparental conflict and children’s adjustment and physical health: the moderating role of vagal tone. Child Development, 72 (6), 1617-1636. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00369
  30. Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: a meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 118(1), 108-132. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.108
  31. Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: A framework for research and intervention. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3(2), 95-131. DOI: 10.1207/S15327922PAR0302_01
  32. Feinberg, M. E., Brown, L. D., & Kan, M. L. (2012). A multi-domain self-report measure of coparenting. Parenting, Science and Practice, 12, 1-21. DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2012.638870
  33. Fincham, F., Grych, J., & Osborne, L. (1994). Does marital conflict cause child maladjustment? Directions and challenges for longitudinal research. Journal of Family Psychology, 8(2), 128-140 DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.8.2.128
  34. Fosco, G. M. & Bray, B. C. (2016). Profiles of cognitive appraisals and triangulation into interparental conflict: Implications for adolescent adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(5), 533-542.
  35. Fosco, G. M. & Grych, J. H. (2008). Emotional, cognitive, and family systems mediators of children’s adjustment to interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(6), 843-854.
  36. Fosco, G. M. & Feinberg, M. E. (2015). Cascading effects of interparental conflict in adolescence: Linking threat appraisals, self-efficacy, and adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 27(1), 239-252. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579414000704
  37. Fosco, G. M. & Grych, J. H. (2010). Adolescent triangulation into parental conflicts: Longitudinal implications for appraisals and adolescent-parent relations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(2), 254-266.
  38. Fosco, G. M., Xia, M., Lynn, M. G., & Grych, J. H. (2016). Triangulation and parent-adolescent relationships: Implications for adolescent dating competence and abuse. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26(3), 524-537.
  39. Franck, K. L., & Buehler, C. (2007). A family process model of marital hostility, parental depressive affect, and early adolescent problem behavior: the roles of triangulation and parental warmth. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 614-625. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.614
  40. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children’s perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1016-1024. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.21.6.1016
  41. Gagné, M. H., Drapeau, S., Melançon, C., Saint‐jacques, M. C., & Lépine, R. (2007). Links between parental psychological violence, other family disturbances, and children’s adjustment. Family Process, 46(4), 523-542.
  42. Grych, J. H., Fincham, F. D., Jouriles, E. N., & McDonald, R. (2000). Interparental conflict and child adjustment: Testing the mediational role of appraisals in the cognitive‐contextual framework. Child Development, 71(6), 1648-1661. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00255
  43. Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child’s perspective: The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Child Development, 63(3), 558-572.
  44. Grych, J. H., Raynor, S. R., & Fosco, G. M. (2004). Family processes that shape the impact of interparental conflict on adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 649-665. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00600
  45. Harold, G. T. & Sellers, R. (2018). Annual Research Review: Interparental conflict and youth psychopathology: an evidence review and practice focused update. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 374-402.
  46. Hentges, R. F., Davies, P. T., & Cicchetti, D. (2015). Temperament and interparental conflict: The role of negative emotionality in predicting child behavioral problems. Child Development, 86(5), 1333-1350.
  47. Wood, B. L., Klebba, K. B., & Miller, B. D. (2000). Evolving the biobehavioral family model: The fit of attachment. Family Process, 39(3), 319-344.
  48. Hinde, R. A., & Stevenson-Hinde, J. (1988). Interpersonal relationships and child development. In S. Chess, A. Thomas & M. E. Hertzig (Eds.), Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development, 1988; annual progress in child psychiatry and child development, 1988 (pp. 5-26, Chapter viii, 686 Pages) Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia, PA. (disponibile online: https://www.proquest.com/books/interpersonal-relationships-child-development/docview/617508276/se-2?accountid=9941).
  49. Hua, Z. (2023). Effects of interparental conflict on children’s depression in the context of COVID-19: Does parent-child conflict play a role?. Child Abuse & Neglect, 143, 106280.
  50. Johnson, H. D., LaVoie, J. C., & Mahoney, M. (2000). Young Adults’ Peer Conflict Tactics: Associations with Interparental Conflict, Family Cohesion, and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15(4).
  51. Kerig, P. K. (1995). Triangles in the family circle: Effects of family structure on marriage, parenting, and child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 9 (1), 28-43. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.9.1.28
  52. Kerig, P. K. (1996). Assessing the links between interparental conflict and child adjustment: The conflicts and problem-solving scales. Journal of family psychology, 10(4), 454. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.10.4.454
  53. Klahr, A. M., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., & Burt, S. A. (2011). The association between parent–child conflict and adolescent conduct problems over time: Results from a longitudinal adoption study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(1), 46-56.
  54. Khaleque, A., Uddin, M. K., Shirin, A., Aktar, R., & Himi, S. A. (2016). Cognitive and contextual factors mediating the relation between interparental conflict and adolescents’ psychological maladjustment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 669-677.
  55. Kuramoto-Crawford, S. J., Ali, M. M., & Wilcox, H. C. (2016). Parent-child connectedness and long-term risk for suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Crisis, 38, 309-318.
  56. Lamela, D., & Figueiredo, B. (2016). Coparenting after marital dissolution and children’s mental health: a systematic review. Jornal de Pediatria, 92, 331-342.
  57. Lau, Y. K. (2017). Postdivorce coparenting and children’s well-being in Hong Kong. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(5), 329-346. DOI: 10.1080/10502556.2017.1302237
  58. Ledermann, T., Macho, S., & Kenny, D. A. (2011). Assessing mediation in dyadic data using the actor-partner interdependence model. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 18(4), 595-612. DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2011.607099
  59. Liu, S., Yu, C., Zhen, S., Zhang, W., Su, P., & Xu, Y. (2016). Influence of inter-parental conflict on adolescent delinquency via school connectedness: Is impulsivity a vulnerability or plasticity factor?. Journal of Adolescence, 52, 12-21.
  60. Liu, J., Zhou, T., Yuan, M., Ren, H., Bian, X., & Coplan, R. J. (2021). Daily routines, parent–child conflict, and psychological maladjustment among Chinese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(8), 1077-1085.
  61. Lu, H., Chen, Q., Xie, C., Liang, Q., Wang, L., Xie, M., ... & Wang, J. (2020). Interparental conflict and delinquency among Chinese adolescents: parental knowledge as a mediator and deviant peer affiliation as a moderator. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1775.
  62. Lucas-Thompson, R. G. (2012). Associations of marital conflict with emotional and physiological stress: Evidence for different patterns of dysregulation. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(4), 704-721.
  63. Machado, M. R., & Mosmann, C. P. (2020). Coparental conflict and triangulation, emotion regulation, and externalizing problems in adolescents: Direct and indirect relationships. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 30.
  64. Margolin, G., Gordis, E. B. & John, R. S. (2001). Coparenting: A link between marital conflict and parenting in two-parent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 3-21. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.15.1.3
  65. Martin, M. J., Sturge-Apple, M., Davies, P. T., Romero, C. V., & Buckholz, A. (2017). A process model of the implications of spillover from coparenting conflicts into the parent–child attachment relationship in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 29(2), 417-431. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579417000086
  66. Mastrotheodoros, S., Van Lissa, C. J., Van der Graaff, J., Deković, M., Meeus, W. H. J., & Branje, S. J. T. (2020). Day-to-day spillover and long-term transmission of interparental conflict to adolescent–mother conflict: The role of mood. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(8), 893-904.
  67. McCauley, D. M., Sloan, C. J., Xia, M., & Fosco, G. M. (2021). Same family, divergent realities: How triangulation preserves parents’ illusory harmony while adolescents navigate interparental conflicts. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(2), 128-137.
  68. McCoy, K., Cummings, E. M. & Davies, P. T. (2009). Constructive and destructive marital conflict, emotional security and children’s prosocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 270-279.
  69. McCoy, K. P., George, M. R., Cummings, E. M. & Davies, P. T. (2013). Constructive and destructive marital conflict, parenting, and children’s school and social adjustment. Social Development, 22(4), 641-662. (disponibile online: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/constructive-destructive-marital-conflict/docview/1499095325/se-2).
  70. McHale, J. P. (1995). Coparenting and triadic interactions during infancy: The roles of marital distress and child gender. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 985-996. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.31.6.985
  71. Melby, J., Conger, R. D., Brook, R., Rueter, M., Lucy, L., Repinski, D., et al. (1991). The Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. Ames, IA: Iowa State University.
  72. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families & family therapy. Harvard U. Press, Oxford. (disponibile online: https://www.proquest.com/books/families-amp-family-therapy/docview/615944993/se-2?accountid=).
  73. Mueller, V., Jouriles, E., McDonald, R., & Rosenfield, D. (2015). Children’s Appraisals and Involvement in Interparental Conflict: Do They Contribute Independently to Child Adjustment? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(6), 1041-1054.
  74. Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E.A., Brennan, S.E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J.M., Hrobjartsson, A., Lalu, M.M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A. C., Welch, V. A., Whiting, P., & McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews.
  75. Peris, T. S., Goeke-Morey, M. C., Cummings, E. M., & Emery, R. E. (2008). Marital conflict and support seeking by parents in ado lescence: Empirical support for the parentificaton construct. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 633-642.
  76. Pianta, R. C. (1992). Child-parent relationship scale. Unpubished measure, University of Virginia (disponibile online: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ft16909-000).
  77. Ruff, S. C., Durtschi, J. A., & Day, R. D. (2018). Family subsystems predicting adolescents’ perceptions of sibling relationship quality over time. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(3), 527-542.
  78. Scanlon, N. M., & Epkins, C. C. (2015). Aspects of mothers’ parenting: Independent and specific relations to children’s depression, anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 249-263.
  79. Sherrill, R. B., Lochman, J. E., DeCoster, J., & Stromeyer, S. L. (2017). Spillover between interparental conflict and parent-child conflict within and across days. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(7), 900 909.
  80. Simpson, E. G. (2020). Interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment: A narrative review of bidirectional pathways. Adolescent Research Review, 5(3), 307-316.
  81. Smith, O. A., Nelson, J. A., & Adelson, M. J. (2019). Interparental and parent–child conflict predicting adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1965-1976.
  82. Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-28. DOI: 10.2307/350547
  83. Straus, M.A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily contlict and violence: The conflict tactics scales. Joumal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75-86.
  84. Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S. U. E., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised conflict tactics scales (CTS2) development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17(3), 283-316. DOI: 10.1177/0192513960170030
  85. Teubert, D., & Pinquart, M. (2010). The association between coparenting and child adjustment: A meta-analysis. Parenting, 10(4), 286-307. DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2010.492040
  86. Thompson, M. J., Davies, P. T., Hentges, R. F., & Sturge-Apple, M. L. (2021). Delineating the developmental sequelae of children’s risky involvement in interparental conflict. Development and Psychopathology, 1-14. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579420001959
  87. Thompson, M. J., Davies, P. T., Coe, J. L., & Sturge-Apple, M. L. (2022). Family origins of distinct forms of children’s involvement in interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 36(7), 1142.
  88. van Dijk, R., Van Der Valk, I. E., Deković, M., & Branje, S. (2020). A meta-analysis on interparental conflict, parenting, and child adjustment in divorced families: Examining mediation using meta-analytic structural equation models. Clinical Psychology Review, 79, 101861.
  89. van Dijk, R., van der Valk, I. E., Vossen, H. G., Branje, S., & Deković, M. (2021). Problematic internet use in adolescents from divorced families: the role of family factors and adolescents’ self-esteem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3385.
  90. van Eldik, W. M., de Haan, A. D., Parry, L. Q., Davies, P. T., Luijk, M. P., Arends, L. R., & Prinzie, P. (2020). The interparental relationship: Meta-analytic associations with children’s maladjustment and responses to interparental conflict. Psychological Bulletin, 146(7), 553.
  91. Wang, Z., & Chen, J. K. (2022). Influence of Parent–Child Conflict on Psychological Distress among Chinese Adolescents: Moderating Effects of School Connectedness and Neighborhood Disorder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9397.
  92. Wang, L., & Crane, D. R. (2001). The relationship between marital satisfaction, marital stability, nuclear family triangulation, and childhood depression. American Journal of Family Therapy, 29(4), 337-347. DOI: 10.1080/01926180126502
  93. Zimet, D. M. & Jacob, T. (2001). Influences of marital conflict on child adjustment: Review of theory and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4(4), 319-335. DOI: 10.1023/A:1013595304718
  94. Zhao, F., Wu, H., Li, Y., Zhang, H., & Hou, J. (2022). The Association between Coparenting Behavior and Internalizing/Externalizing Problems of Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10346.
  95. Zou, S., Wu, X., & Li, X. (2020). Coparenting behavior, parent–adolescent attachment, and peer attachment: An examination of gender differences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(1), 178-191.

Alessandra Bavagnoli, Angelica Cristal Sirotich, Alessandra Marelli, Triangolazione e conflitto genitore-figlio, due possibili meccanismi per spiegare gli effetti del conflitto genitoriale e co-genitoriale sull’adattamento dei figli: una revisione sistematica della letteratura in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 1/2024, pp 15-44, DOI: 10.3280/MAL2024-001002