RISULTATI RICERCA

La "questione cattolica" appartiene da sempre al bagaglio teorico e politico elaborato dal PCI. Tuttavia, sulla scia del pensiero gramsciano e sotto l’impulso della ricca stagione dei Fronti Popolari, essa andò maturando nel tempo una centralità progressivamente più marcata sino a divenire, al momento della rinascita della vita politica nazionale, uno dei capisaldi del "Partito nuovo" togliattiano ed elemento fondante della nascente democrazia italiana. L’articolo, basato su fonti in gran parte inedite, mette in evidenza lo sviluppo di questa problematica all’interno del mondo comunista italiano delineandone continuità e cesure.

L’articolo analizza il caso delle chiese etniche brasiliane nel contesto migratorio statunitense. Il termine chiese etniche è utilizzato per riferirsi alle parrocchie cattoliche e alle chiese evangeliche formate da immigrati brasiliani. La scelta di questo tipo di realtà religiosa è dovuta al fatto che, tra questi immigrati, i cattolici e gli evangelici sono la stragrande maggioranza. Questo articolo si propone di : sottolineare l’importanza delle comunità etniche brasiliane per l’immigrazione negli Stati Uniti; mostrare come le chiese etniche brasiliane siano inserite e facciano parte del contesto più ampio dell’immigrazione brasiliana negli Stati Uniti; sviluppare la tesi secondo cui gli immigrati brasiliani vivono la loro esperienza negli Stati Uniti a partire da realtà diverse, come quelle relative al lavoro, alla famiglia, alla comunità, alle questioni identitarie; esporre come queste diverse realtà si interconnettono tra di loro e con le esperienze vissute grazie all’appartenenza ad una chiesa etnica.

The study was focused on parental acceptance/rejection experienced during childhood, as well as its influence on the later delinquent behaviour. We tried to answer which particular instances of parental behaviour differentiate juvenile delinquents from lawabiding adolescents. The starting point for this research was Rohner Parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory). We aimed to test the hypothesis that perceived rejection has a strong impact on the development of an aberrant behaviour in children. The research was carried out on a sample of 265 adolescents composing 2 independent groups: one consisted of 115 under-age delinquents (experimental), and the other included 150 lawabiding adolescents (control). Basing on the results of examination of the parental behaviour, we found that these two groups had more differences than similarities. Father’s neglect was proved to be the major difference beetween the groups. Besides that, significant differentiating factors were: manipulativity (verbal aggression) and physical abuse of the children (both parents).

Una versione breve del Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory è stata sviluppata usando un gruppo di 102 genitori non maltrattanti e un gruppo aggiuntivo di 37 genitori maltrattanti. Gli item sono stati selezionati massimizzando: (a) la discriminatività rispetto alla condizione di maltrattamento rilevato da parte dei Servizi Sociali; (b) la predittività rispetto al punteggio totale della forma originale; (c) la stabilità fattoriale; (d) la validità clinica degli item selezionati. I punteggi ottenuti con una scala di 17 item mostrano una coerenza interna di .70, una struttura fattoriale stabile a 6 fattori e una significativa correlazione con il punteggio originale della Abuse Scale (r = .86). Inoltre, il punteggio della scala breve mantiene un adeguato pattern di correlazioni con altri strumenti riferiti alla funzione genitoriale. Pertanto, la versione breve del CAP Inventory può essere considerata un utile e rapido strumento di screening per la valutazione del rischio di maltrattamento infantile.

In order to save children’s lives, it is important to consider prevention of child homicide. Opportunities for prevention of neonaticide include increased access to sexual education, abortion, and prenatal care; vigilance of healthcare providers to risk factors, particularly lack of involvement in prenatal care; and engagement of psychiatric and social services when indicated. Safe Havens, baby boxes, and anonymous delivery may save lives. Regarding the killing of older infants, children, and adolescents, consideration of the motive is critical for prevention. Parental social support, parenting education, intervention in abuse and neglect cases, and provision of psychiatric services can help decrease risk. Further research is needed regarding effectiveness of preventive strategies.

Il gioco rappresenta un diritto fondamentale del bambino ed assume un ruolo cruciale du-rante l’esperienza dell’ospedalizzazione. Le figure del Child Play Specialist e del Child Life Specialist (riconosciute rispettivamente nel sistema sanitario del Regno Unito e degli Stati Uni-ti) forniscono programmi di gioco che normalizzino l’esperienza di ricovero del bambino e aiutino la familiarizzazione con il contesto medico. La presente rassegna persegue tre principali obiettivi: i. definire il ruolo dello specialista del gioco, la sua formazione, le tecniche implemen-tate, le aree di similitudine e differenza tra CPS e CLS; ii. esaminare l’evoluzione storica di questa professione; iii. indagare gli effetti dell’intervento dello specialista del gioco sulla salute bio-psico-sociale del paziente pediatrico. Di 613 fonti complessive (n=193 da Scopus, n=403 da Pubmed, n=17 da PsycInfo), 17 pubblicazioni sono state incluse, avendo applicato criteri inerenti lingua, tipologia di pubblicazione e pertinenza dei contenuti. Dalle fonti esaminate ri-sulta che: I. CLS e CPS presentano percorsi di training e tecniche simili. Emergono peculiarità di approccio diverse per CPS e CLS; II. Le esperienze pionieristiche di programmi di gioco in ospedale risalgono agli anni ’20 con contributi significativi di Plank, Bergmann e Brooks; III. I principali effetti sulla salute infantile documentati sono il potenziamento del coping e la ridu-zione del ricorso a terapie farmacologiche per la gestione del dolore. Si evidenzia la necessità di un consenso internazionale sulla definizione del ruolo dello specialista del gioco, al fine di accrescere la ricerca empirica rispetto a tali professionisti della salute.

Domestic violence against school age children over the years has been a silent killer, with little or no empirical attention among the developing nations where culture and religion endanger the rights of children. While the paucity of research interest and the complex processes in data gathering among the scholars have made the seemingly salient issue silent, the cultural hegemonies among the developing nations especially in the sub-Saharan region, have complicated the possibility of empirical isolation of child violence from the traditionally cherished child upbringing approach among these nations. Southeast Nigeria is one of the regions across the globe, where some cultural and socio-demographic peculiarities have affected the understanding and classification of child violence and hence, has empowered the issue as one of the counterproductive measure against sustainable development goals. The study looked into the afore mentioned issue in southeast Nigeria using survey methodological design among the school age children between the ages of 6years and 10years in the primary and junior secondary schools in the region. 430 pupils were included in the study from 108 schools across 36 communities in the region. Questionnaire instrument was used for data collection, which was filled through ordered approach with the research assistants, while descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in analyzing the collected data. From the findings, there is a high prevalence of child violence in the region, ranging from severe punishment, moderate punishment to child abuse; there is a negative correlation between child violence and children social/cognitive development (P = .000; r = -.098), while child violence in the region is predicted by age, sex, parents occupation and complaining about violence among the children; the overall impact of child violence was found to be anti-sustainable development in the region (P = .000; R2 = 69.2).

New topics do not have easy access into the news system. The news should not in fact propose something completely new, but something in line with the dominant and shared values of any given society. And this is why four decades had to go by before it could be freely said on Italian newspapers that some couples who do not have children are actually childfree: they just did not want any. A second aspect concerns respect for these couples’ wi-shes, but also for the need society has to have children and, indeed, for those couples who desperately want to have children. It is interesting to no-te that, especially in weekly publications, this topic has been dealt with through the real cases of people who have revealed their life experiences and that the information given is generally part of the scientific divulgation section, which informs but is not quite accurate enough.

The article proposes an evolutionary hypothesis of the childfree phenol-menon. Biological evolution has provided the human mind with mecha-nisms that induce to strive for specific biological goals, the achievement of which in the evolution of our species was connected with reproduction, the major biological goal. Our ancestors lived in small cooperative groups of hunters-gatherers; in such a context the mental mechanisms for achie-ving the goal of social approval and integration through social imitation and conformism were selected together with others. Our biological evolu-tion has stopped and the goals are still the same as they were once. On the other hand, cultural evolution has produced drastic changes in our way of life which now hinder the simultaneous achievement of goals such as social approval and parenthood.

Although within the limits set by the essay, the author analyzes the situation of children in China, considering the social, demographic, and cultural implications of the ‘one child’ policy introduced from 1979 to 2015. Today, the situation has changed, but the decision to have two children is still not easy. There are many reasons for this, such as the costs of education and parents’ expectations for children’s success in school and social pressure. Special attention is given to the themes of: early childhood education and care (0-3 years old), the situation of teenagers under pressure because of the highly competitive educational system and the increasing phenomenon of ‘left-behind’ children, children who are left to stay with relatives, as parents move to more industrialized cities to look for work.

English abstract. Given the negative long-term consequences of childhood neglect for well-being, this issue requires attention. This study examined whether the relationship between childhood neglect and well-being in youth and adults varies according to the type of neglect, the country, and the age of the participants. The meta-analysis revealed a negative association between neglect and well-being. Specifically, the effect of neglect on well-being was greater in youth than in adults, whereas the effect was smaller in studies from Asia. Regarding the type of neglect, emotional neglect appeared to have a greater impact on well-being than physical or general childhood neglect. When implementing interventions to mitigate the effects of childhood neglect, it is important to consider age and cultural differences.

We investigated the profiles of children and youth in street situations in Mlango Kubwa slum in Nairobi. Through a quanti-qualitative questionnaire, we collected the responses of 300 children and youth, starting from the social determinants of health as indicators of vulnerability. The foremost objective is to understand their social and health conditions as vulnerable/at-risk street groups. The secondary goal is to identify the populations’ strengths, inspecting protection mechanisms, survival strategies and dreams. The data show a complex situation: experiences of trauma, violence, conflict and abandonment; ambivalent family ties, school drop-out, lack of legal and physical protection, homelessness, living below the limit of extreme poverty. The street has activated survival strategies, mostly on an individual level, but functioning as a “base system” the street seems to act as a protective system and a possible scenario in which to create a different future together with youth workers: reconnecting with the family, liaising with expert figures in order to return to school or look for suitable training. Working with children and youth in street situations highlights the complexity of their vulnerability. This could be addressed through an integrated approach and a comprehensive primary health care model.

The COVID-19 has dramatically increased the inequalities of the opportunities to education and health services of the children with disabilities. The data collected from international agencies between 2020 and 2021 demonstrate the danger of further rising the risk of exclusion of children with disabilities especially in developing countries. The marginalization of people with sensory disabilities during the Pandemic have further expanded compared to the pre-Covid situation. The article aims to investigate the barriers that children with hearing disabilities have encountered in accessing socio-educational and rehabilitation services and reflect on the importance of social support flexibly from different local actors. In this perspective, the Center of Attention for Communication, Hearing and Language of the Central American University José Simeón Cañas of El Salvador provides educational and rehabilitation service aimed to children with hearing disabilities transforming their methodologies and practices. Based on this analysis, perspectives of action and research will be envisaged to plan the future starting from the lessons learned.

Paediatric surgery elicits anxiety in children and their parents. The present study tests the impact of Play Specialist-based intervention (PS) on children’s and parents’ anxiety pre and post thoracoplasty. The study was held at Gaslini pediatric hospital (Genoa, Italy) and involved families with a child undergoing thoracoplasty to correct children's pectus carinatum (PC) or excavatum (PE). Children provided with PS-based intervention (n=40) were compared with control children (n=32). The mothers of PS children (n=40) were compared with the control mothers (n=32), and the fathers of PS children (n=40) were compared with the control fathers (n=32). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was administered to assess pre and post thoracoplasty anxiety. T-tests and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA), Bayes factors for t-tests and ANCOVA were computed. A significant interaction effect between time and group (i.e., PS and controls) emerged for children, mothers, and fathers. Bonferroni post-hoc analyses revealed that PS children’s and PS mothers’ postoperative anxiety was lower than controls’ postoperative anxiety. PS fathers’ experienced greater preoperative anxiety than controls and no significant differences with control fathers emerged in postoperative anxiety. PS-based intervention emerged to reduce children’s and parents’ anxiety over time, and to diminish children’s and mothers’ postoperative anxiety in comparison with the controls.

An innovative primary teacher education course at the University of Padova combines children’s literature, ecocritical dialogues, and social-emotional learning (SEL). It aims to enhance educational quality and prepare teachers for global environmental and social challenges. Developed through the Green Dialogues project, it fosters internationalization and interdisciplinarity. This article examines the course’s interdisciplinary teamwork, focusing on its design and teaching methods. A case study highlights the benefits of incorporating ecocritical and SEL approaches in climate action teacher education. The course illustrates how children’s stories can foster environmental and social consciousness and empathy among students. This approach not only enhances pedagogical practices but also prepares teachers to contribute meaningfully to climate literacy and social equity in European higher education.