Achievements and misses of the Indian national policy on biofuels 2009

Titolo Rivista ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Autori/Curatori Sudip Das
Anno di pubblicazione 2019 Fascicolo 2018/2 Lingua Inglese
Numero pagine 26 P. 5-30 Dimensione file 346 KB
DOI 10.3280/EFE2018-002001
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

The National Policy on Biofuels (NPB) 2009 was adopted on 24th December 2009 in India to ensure the minimum availability of biofuels at any given time to meet the demand. NPB 2009 laid down the vision, goals and strategy to biofuel development while proposing a framework of technological, financial and enabling mechanisms. The NPB 2009 undertook reforms and aimed to increase the biodiesel blending percentage in diesel and bioethanol blending percentage in petrol to 20% each by 2017. It promoted inclusive growth, development and contributed to energy security and climate change mitigation. The lack of assured supply of raw material feedstock for biofuel production has been the major slippage of NPB 2009. NPB 2018 was adopted on 16th May 2018 and built on the foundation laid upon by NPB 2009. The paper focuses on the importance of NPB 2009, its achievements and misses and touches upon NPB 2018.

Keywords:Biofuel policy, Indian national policy on biofuels 2009, biodiesel blended programme, ethanol blending, biofuel incentives

Jel codes:Q16, Q28, Q43, Q48

  1. Agarwal, S., & Kumar, A. (2018). Historical Development of Biofuels. Springer.
  2. Altenburg, T., Dietz, H., Hahl, M., Nikolidakis, N., Rosendahl, C., & Seelige, K. (2008).
  3. Biodiesel in India – Value chain organisation and policy options for rural development.German Development Institute. Altenburg, T., Dietz, H., Hahl, M., Nikolidakis, N., Rosendahl, C., & Seelige, K. (2008). Biodiesel policies for rural development in India. Bonn: German Development Institute, 4.
  4. Basavaraj, G., Rao, P., Reddy, C., Kumar, A., Rao, P., & Reddy, B. (n.d.). A Review of the National Biofuel Policy in India: A critique of the need to promote alternative feedstocks. Working Paper Series no. 34 RP – Markets, Institutions and Policies, 6. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
  5. Biswas, P. K., & Pohit, S. (2012, November 3). What ails India’s biodiesel programme. Energy policy, 789.
  6. Biswas, P. K., Pohit, S., & Kumar, R. (2009, December 6). Biodiesel from jatropha: Can India meet the 20% blending target? Energy Policy, 1477.
  7. BP (2017). BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2017. London: BP, 2.
  8. BP (2018). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018. London: BP.
  9. BP Energy Economics (2018). BP Energy Outlook 2018. Retrieved from BP Energy Outlook 2018 -- https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/energyoutlook/bp-energy-outlook-2018.pdf.
  10. BP Energy Economics (2018). BP Energy Outlook, Country and Regional Insights – India . Retrieved from BP Energy Outlook, Country and Regional Insights – India -- https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2018-country-insight-india.pdf.
  11. Business Standard (2018, January 30). Budget 2018: Rising oil prices a big challenge for FM
  12. Jaitley. Retrieved from Business Standard -- https://www.businessstandard.com/budget/article/budget-2018-rising-oil-prices-a-big-challenge-for-fm-jaitley-118011600715_1.html.
  13. Business Standard (2017, December 8). Ethanol supply to touch record 133 cr litre in FY18: ISMA. Retrieved from Ethanol supply to touch record 133 cr litre in FY18: ISMA --https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ethanol-supply-to-touch-record-113-cr-litre-in-2017-18-isma-117120700606_1.html.
  14. Business Standard (2018, Jan 17). Business Standard. Retrieved from Business Standard --http://www.business-standard.com/budget/article/budget-2018-drop-gst-rate-on-biodiesel-from-18-to-5-demands-industry-118011700035_1.html.
  15. Business Standard (2018, July 27). Government allows mills to make ethanol directly from sugarcane juice, B-molasses. Retrieved from Government allows mills to make ethanol directly from sugarcane juice, B-molasses --https://www.businessstandard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-allows-mills-to-make-ethanol-directly-fromsugarcane-juice-b-molasses-118072700354_1.html.
  16. Business Standard (2018, August 9). IMF warns India over public sector banks, advocates privatisation. Retrieved from IMF warns India over public sector banks, advocates privatisation -- https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/imf-warnsindia-over-public-sector-banks-advocates-privatisation-118080800190_1.html.
  17. Chicago Tribune (2017, July 6). France plans to phase out gas and diesel engines. Retrieved from France plans to phase out gas and diesel engines -- http://www.chicagotribune.com/classified/automotive/fuelefficient/ct-france-gas-diesel-engines-20170706-story.html.
  18. Crony Capitalism in India: Establishing Robust Counteractive Institutional Frameworks (2016). In N. Khatri, & A. J. Ojha, Crony Capitalism in India: Establishing Robust Counteractive Institutional Frameworks (p. 144). Palgrave Macmillan.
  19. Deo, K. N. (2018, July 5). NBP lacks strength. Retrieved from NBP lacks strength -- http://www.tathya.in/news/27506/0/NBP-Lacks-Strength.
  20. Department of Food and Public Distribution (2018, May 24). Sugar and sugarcane policy. Retrieved from Sugar and sugarcane policy -- http://dfpd.nic.in/sugar-sugarcanepolicy.htm.
  21. DNA (2017, November 22). Biodiesel sales come to a halt on higher GST rate. Retrieved from Biodiesel sales come to a halt on higher GST rate -- http://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-bio-diesel-sales-come-to-a-halt-on-higher-gst-rate-2561637.
  22. Dwivedi, G., & Sharma, M. (2014, January 28). Prospects of biodiesel from Pongamia in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 114.
  23. Economic Insights. (n.d.). Theory of Free International Trade. Theory of Free International Trade, 9.
  24. Economic Times (2018, February 21). Economic Times. Retrieved from Economic Times -- https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/indias-monthly-oilimport-bill-growth-at-a-year-high/63015213.
  25. Economic Times (2018, August 16). India’s oil import bil to jump by $26 billion on rupee woes. Retrieved from India’s oil import bil to jump by $26 billion on rupee woes --https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indias-oil-import-bill-to-jump-by-26-bn-on-rupee-woes/articleshow/65422836.cms.
  26. Economic Times (2018, August 4). Niti Aayog may test-drive plan to run petrol cars on 15% methanol . Retrieved from Niti Aayog may test-drive plan to run petrol cars on 15% methanol -- https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/niti-aayogmay-test-drive-plan-to-run-petrol-cars-on-15-methanol/articleshow/65251618.cms.
  27. Emami Agrotech (2018). Benefits of biodiesel. Retrieved from Benefits of biodiesel --http://www.emamiagrotech.in/biodiesel/benefits-of-biodiesel.aspx.
  28. Ethanol and Biodiesel: Why is India not shifting to these fuels (2018, February 21). Retrieved from The Quint --https://www.thequint.com/tech-and-auto/car-and-bike/ethanol-andbiodiesel-why-is-india-not-shifting-to-alternate-fuels.
  29. Financial Express (2017, July 26). GST impact on sugar mills: State levies threaten ethanol blending. Retrieved from GST impact on sugar mills: State levies threaten ethanol blending --https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/gst-impact-on-sugar-mills-statelevies-threaten-ethanol-blending/779576/.
  30. GKTODAY (2017, August 10). August 10: International Biodiesel Day... . Retrieved from August 10: International Biodiesel Day... -- https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/august-10-international-biodiesel-day-08201747276.html.
  31. Government of India (2009). National Policy on Biofuels. New Delhi: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, 4.
  32. Government of India (2018, May 16). --http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179313. Retrieved from Press Information Bureau -- http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179313.
  33. Government of India (2018, June 27). Press Information Bureau. Retrieved from Press Information Bureau --http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180220.
  34. Gunatilake, H. (2011). Financial and Economic Assessment of Biodiesel Production and Use in India. Manila: Asian Development Bank South Asia Working Paper Series, 1-2.
  35. Gunatilake, H. (2011). Food Security, Energy Security and Inclusive Growth in India – The Role of Biofuels. Mandaluyong City: Asia Development Bank, 8.
  36. Gunatilake, H., & Abeygunawardena, P. (2011). Energy Security, Food Security and Economics of Sugarcane Bioethanol in India. Manila: ADB Economics.
  37. HPCL (2018, July 9). Price Build-up of Diesel at HPCL’ Retail Pump Outlet at Niti Marg, Delhi. Retrieved from Price Build-up of Diesel at HPCL’ Retail Pump Outlet at Niti Marg, Delhi -- http://hindustanpetroleum.com/documents/pdf/pb/HSD_20180709.pdf
  38. International Energy Agency (2017). World Energy Outlook. Paris: International Energy Agency, 1.
  39. Jain, S. K., Kumar, S., & Chaube, A. (2011). Jatropha biodiesel: Key to attainment of sustainable rural bioenergy regime in India. Applied Science Research, 426.
  40. Kaka, N., Madgavkar, A., Manyika, J., Bughin, J., & Parameswaran, P. (2014). India’s technology opportunity: Transforming work, empowering people. Mckinsey, 89.
  41. Kumar, S., Chaube, A., & Jain, S. K. (2011, December 2). Critical review of jatropha biodiesel promotion policies in India. Energy Policy, 775.
  42. Leduc, S., Natarajan, K., Dotzauer, E., McCallum, I., & Obersteiner, M. (2009, June 21). Optimizing biodiesel production in India. Applied Energy, S125.
  43. Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (2017, August 17). Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas celebrates World BioFuel Day 2017. Retrieved from Ministry of Petroleum and
  44. Natural Gas celebrates World BioFuel Day 2017 -- http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=169802.
  45. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (2018, June 8). National Policy on Biofuel 2018. Retrieved from National Policy on Biofuel 2018 -- http://petroleum.nic.in/sites/default/files/biofuelpolicy2018_1.pdf.
  46. Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (2018, July 2 July). Statement showing the effective rates of State taxes/ GST. -- Retrieved from Statement showing the effective rates of Statetaxes/ GST -- http://ppac.org.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/PP_3_SalesTax.xls.
  47. Pohit, S., Biswas, P. K., & Ashra, S. (2014, April 9). Incentive structure of India’s biofuel programs: status, shortcomings and implications. Biofuels, 360, 368, 355.
  48. Pohit, S., Biswas, P. K., & Jaya Jha, R. K. (2009, February 24). International experiences of ethanol as transport fuel: Policy implications for India. Energy Policy, 4540.
  49. Pohit, S., Biswas, P. K., Kumar, R., & Goswami, A. (2010, August 19). Pricing model for biodiesel feedstock: A case study of Chattisgarh in India. Energy Policy, 7487.
  50. Poundrik, S. (2018, March 7). Transport and Renewable Energy Policies in India. Retrieved from Transport and Renewable Energy Policies in India: --https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/3_sandeep_poundrik-mpng.pdf.
  51. Purohit, P., & Dhar, S. (2015). Biofuel roadmap for India. Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development Technical University of Denmark, UNEP DTU Partnership. Magnum Custom Publishing, 7, 10.
  52. Ramsey, F. (1928). A Mathematical Theory of Saving. The Economic Journal, 38, 543-559.
  53. Rangarajan, C. (2012). Report of the Regulation of Sugar Sector in India: The Way Forward. New Delhi: PRS Legislative Research.
  54. RBI Press Releases (2018, March 16). Retrieved from Reserve Bank of India (RBI): --https://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=43403.
  55. Schaldach, R., Priess, J. A., & Alcamo, J. (2010, September 25). Simulating the impact of biofuel development on country-wide land-use change in India. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2401.
  56. Surana, M. K. (2017, February 7). LPG, Energy Access and the Indian Context. (HPCL, Producer) Retrieved from LPG, Energy Access and the Indian Context: --https://www.wlpga.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/WLPGA-Presentation-Final-7.2.2017Rev-.pdf.
  57. Telangana Today (2018, April 3). Telangana Today. Retrieved from Telangana Today --http://telanganatoday.com/india-reduce-crude-oil-import-dependency.
  58. Times of India (2018, August 27). SpiceJet debuts biofuel flight: Will flying change. Retrieved from SpiceJet debuts biofuel flight: Will flying change: --https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/spicejet-debuts-biofuel-flight-will-flying-change/articleshow/65560301.cms.
  59. Trendrr (2018, July 2). Top 10 Largest Sugarcane Producing States in India. Retrieved from Top 10 Largest Sugarcane Producing States in India --https://www.trendrr.net/735/top-10-largest-sugarcane-producing-states-in-india-listed-famous-highest-production/.
  60. Tuli, V., & Khera, A. (2014). India: Towards Energy Independence 2030. Mckinsey, 5.
  61. United Nations (2015, September 25). 17 goals to transform our world. Retrieved from 17 goals to transform our world --https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainabledevelopment-goals/.
  62. United Nations (2015, September 25). Affordable and Clean Energy: Why it Matters. Retrieved from Affordable and Clean Energy: Why it Matters --https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/7_Why-it-Matters_Goal-7_CleanEnergy_2p.pdf.
  63. UPES, CSTEP and PLR Chambers (2016). Fuel Blending in India - Learnings and way forward. 58, 54.
  64. Vasandani, B. (2012). India’s Bio-Diesel Policy and the Current Turmoil. Energetica India, 2.
  65. Verma, A. (2016, January 22). Ethanol Blending in India. Retrieved from Indian Sugar Mills Association: --www.indiansugar.com/uploads/DG-ISMA-Ethanol_Workshop-22-1-16.pdf.

  • Ethanol blending program in India: An economic assessment Gaurav Kumar, in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy /2021 pp.371
    DOI: 10.1080/15567249.2021.1923865
  • Data analysis of ethanol blended petrol programme of India Sudip Das, V.S. Prakash Attili, in ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2/2023 pp.171
    DOI: 10.3280/EFE2022-002008
  • Data Analysis of Factors Contributing to the Adoption of Green Hydrogen Sudip Das, in The Journal of Environment & Development /2023 pp.444
    DOI: 10.1177/10704965231211588
  • A perspective of global biofuel policies Sudip Das, in ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2/2022 pp.45
    DOI: 10.3280/EFE2021-002003
  • Bioethanol Production Neeraj K. Aggarwal, Naveen Kumar, Mahak Mittal, pp.191 (ISBN:978-3-031-05090-9)

Sudip Das, Achievements and misses of the Indian national policy on biofuels 2009 in "ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT" 2/2018, pp 5-30, DOI: 10.3280/EFE2018-002001