Philosophy of science as a specialized discipline was born at the beginning of the twentieth century as a reaction to the "crisis" that was affecting especially mathematics and physics in their conceptual and logical "foundations".
The philosophical investigation on the said foundations took the shape of an epistemology and methodology of science and, for historical reasons, the tools used were those of linguistic analysis and mathematical logic.
This was in keeping with the formalistic approach to science inspired by the primacy attributed to the axiomatic method not only in mathematics, but also ideally in all rigorous sciences.
After Gödel's results the limitations of the three principal "foundational schools" became more and more evident, while the "working scientists" continued their activity caring more for the acquisition of "results" than for logical rigor. This "pragmatic turn" was perceivable also in philosophy of science due to an influence of pragmatism that replaced the previous influence of logical empiricism and analytic philosophy.

Evandro Agazzi is the current President of the International Academy of Philosophy of Science. He was Professor at the Universities of Fribourg (Switzerland), Genoa (Italy) and at present at the Panamerican University of Mexico City. His contributions concern particularly the philosophy of logic and mathematics, the philosophy of physics, general philosophy of science, the ethics of science and technology. He has published more than 80 books and over 1000 papers.
Gerhard Heinzmann is professor of philosophy at the University of Lorraine in Nancy. Director and founder (1992-2007) of the research group "Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie - Archives Henri Poincaré", he was director of the "Lorrain Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences" (MSH Lorraine) from 2007 to 2014. Editor of the "Publications of the Henri Poincaré Archives" (Birkhäuser/Springer) and of the journal "Philosophia Scientiae" (Kimé), his areas of specialization are: Poincaré Studies, Philosophy of Mathematics, Philosophy of Logic, French Philosophy of Science in the 20th century.