RISULTATI RICERCA

The convergence between mobile communication and medical devices opens new perspectives for health care. Nowadays, individuals have astonishing opportunities to monitor themselves taking accurate measurements and therefore producing myriad of data (quantified self). Moreover, the data can be shared on social media or/and with the health-care complex. This can lead to huge savings on health expenditures. However, as it is shown in the FDA Guidance on Mobile Medical Applications, the app can also bring risks, because of the low health literacy of lay people. Moreover, it can also be shown that the quantified self "ideology" considers individuals fully responsible for their health. This neoliberal fashion brackets the importance of social determinants of health.

With the Electronic Health Record, provided by the Italian State law, all healthcare data and information on citizens move in a dematerialized form within regional, eHealth network graphs which are interoperable at the national, and subsequently European level. Data generated in the interaction between a patient and a doctor - through a visit, a diagnostic exam or a hospitalization - are shared at the speed of light among all the professionals interested in the patient’s cure pathway, and then with citizens on the Socio-Technical Networks. Such information can be instantly retrieved on the web in a personalized My Page, stored and enriched all along one’s life, making it possible to reconstruct and actualize the clinical history of the assisted user, through the overthrowing of the space and time barriers. The My Page also becomes an instrument of health promotion: prevention measures, healthcare alphabetization, new forms of medical-assisted person interaction. It is just a first step to reach a "holistic" citizen’s My Page.

From the first sentence of Twaddle the breakdown of the concept of Health into Disease, Illness and Sickness has had many occasions to debate among sociologists of medicine and health. But as is understood today this multidimensional concept among users of Twitter? What are the most important associations that emerge from the tweets? A survey of tweets from USA reveal interesting associations, related to an interpretation of this multidimensional concept linked to everyday life.

The author intends to investigate the new opportunities offered by the web 2.0 about "real time" information that can be found by web research. The present paper aims at pointing out how same web tools, such as online platform for web survey, when used under specific guidelines could become a useful and flexible detecting/discovering instrument, reserving the quality of the information. To support the hypothesis, the author presents a study carried out by the Italian association for celiac disease Observatory which studies the trend of prices throughout the country of 12 gluten-free foods within two separate sale channels, pharmaceutical and retail. The presentation of the adopted methodology and the analysis of the data highlight the procedural aspects that characterized the study and give rise to concluding remarks on pros/cons of the possible alternative uses of the web survey.

In the web society era which are the rights and duties of scholars and researchers who use e-methods across the digital projects of social research? Which are the problems in terms, for example, of exchange, handling and "cannibalization" of data and analysis? To answer these questions the paper specify ethical dilemmas and the main legal issues underlying the uses (micro, meso, macro) of e-methods, suggesting some tricks and techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on the liability regimes (civil and criminal), digital torts, information damages, informedconsensus, information-privacy theory, date-linking practices and the anonymisation/ encripting techniques of web data. So the essay offers a first theoretical contribution to the discovery of the law and the rights of e-methods in web society, in the arrangements of digital collaboration between e-researchers.

Web surveys are becoming a more and more spread tools in many research fields, included the health area. Factors such as the availability of new software, the reduction of digital divide, and the widespread of mobile devices have encouraged social researchers to implement web surveys. Researchers must be particularly attentive to their methodological choices to ensure that instruments can collect valid and reliable data. The implications of the various survey mode choices from the methodological, technical and ethical point of views are discussed to suggest the best practices and guidelines to implement web surveys.

Content created by users online (UGC) is a new kind of research topic in the field of social sciences and it gives us particularly promising data. Defined as qualitative data, it is undeniable that being spontaneously created by the users for an unknown audience places them in a particular condition. In addition to it we have to consider the consequences, for the empirical research, of the ease with which those data are researched and found. This paper focuses on how Big Data are changing the way we are thinking and conducting the research. They lead us to the Computational Social science, which enables a transdisciplinary approach: a sociological observation of online social phenomena using methods of data managing and data collection borrowed from the computer science. As a consequence, we are able to analyze in depth a wide range of data as never before, facing a scenario rich both of opportunities and critical points to not understate. It is necessary, at this point, to keep clear in mind structures and affordances of the platforms, characteristics of the analyzed network, the relation between online conversations and social ties and in the end, all of the previous points have to be framed in a longitudinal perspective in order not to push down the data in an eternal present avoiding to consider their evolution over time.

Liliana Cavani is well-known as the director of the controversial Holocaust fi lm The Night Porter (1974), which inspires the birth of the new cinematographical genre of Nazisexploitation. In order to trace Cavani’s interest on the Holocaust theme we have to come back to the early 60’s, when the young director starts working for the national broadcasting television RAI. In the fi ve years between 1961 and 1965, in fact, Lilian Cavani directs three documentary fi lms: a four-episodes serie called History of the Third Reich (1961-1962); a documentary about the divided World War II memories between two generations in post-war Europe, The Day of the Peace (1965); fi nally, The Woman in the Resistance (1965), a fi lm about the role of Italian women during the Partisan struggle, where she also interviews several Jewish Italian women who were deported between 1943 and 1945. Each one of these productions has different and specifi c modalities of dealing with the Holocaust memory. But the relevance of these fi lms lays in the fact that they represent the fi rst attempt of the Italian television to deal with the memory of the Holocaust, and this happens through the screening of both audiovisual and oral sources. Until then, no previous visual expressions have described the Italian responsability in the deportation of thousands of Italian Jews. The paper is structured by using several kind of sources: audiovisual archives, production and distribution strategies, an original interview to Liliana Cavani about her early carreer.

Precarious work is an highly controversial topic in the contemporary debate. Its political and economic implications are discussed at national, European and global level by different international institutions such as the International Labour Organsation. This contribution wants to elaborate on the phenonenon of precarious work from a gender perspective. It analyses the academic debate on the nexus between gender and precariousness which has developed in the historical and social sciences over the past 40 years. Adopting this interdisciplinary – gender and historical – perspective, this contribution presents precariousness as a historical phenomenon, present in industrial capitalism since the earliest stages of its development. Accordingly, comparing conditions of work in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with those prevailing in the twenty years of the system’s greatest economic growth (1950-1970), it demonstrates that female job precariousness is not a recent phenomenon but a longue durée process within industrial capitalism.

Souvenir d’Italie is the title of the image-document here presented: an album at Nazional Museum Alinari of Photography, dated 1871, and composed by 56 photos, that ideally realized a classic itinerary by foreign visitors in Italy. We try to analyze it comparing with other albums of the same kind, with the catalogues of the most important photographs of that time, and also with coeval sources of different type, as guides for visitors, or magazines as Le Tour Du Monde. The latter was an illustrated review the offered to its reader the opportunity of virtual travel in many parts of the world, in Italy too.

This article examines the transformations of tourist places due to the changes occurred in elite tourism during the second half of the 19th century. It focuses on Liguria, the well-known Italian Riviera, which, during the 19th century, emerged as a leading tourist region in Europe. In particular it sheds light on the construction of the image of fashionable resorts, by examining the role played by three factors: places for social relations (grand hotels, kursaals, etc.), entertainments and social events (such as Carnival), and specialized magazines aimed at tourists, the so called journal mondain. It analyses how these elements interact with each other and argues that all of them were crucial in determining the success of the most important Ligurian resorts on the international tourist market.

The essay explores some aspects of cultural sociability in which foreigners were involved in Pisa in the fi rst half of the nineteenth century. Pisa was a small town, but since the beginning of the nineteenth century, it became a popular destination for a good number of travellers, attracted by the artistic beauty, the mild climate and the possibility of thermal therapies. In this context it seems unusual the shortage of social and cultural opportunities except for the visit to the historical complex of Piazza dei Miracoli and the social events at the Casino of Nobility or at the literary salons of the Pisan high society, however, reserved for a very small group of foreigners. One aim of this paper is to underline the partial attempts made to widen the cultural activities in Pisa at that time, such as the founding of the English monthly magazine The Ausonian (1830), the establishment of the Pisan Book Society (1844), a circulating library linked to the Anglican Church of Pisa, a quite large community in that period, and initiatives related to the Convention of Italian Scientists in 1839, which brought in the Tuscan town many Italian and foreign scholars, often accompanied by their families.

For European travellers visiting Venice during the nineteenth century, theaters, libraries, archives and museums, are spaces for meetings based on the history and art of Venice. Connected to the terraferma by a railway bridge in 1850, the city - ruled by the Austrian Empire since the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) , developed its own balneary potential. The exceptional properties of lagoonal waters revealed by medical publications draws, until the end of the century, thousands of European patients longing to enjoy the benefi cial effects of the «Venetian cure» in the lagoon. Once denounced as unhealthy, Venice’s water is now extolled and appreciated for its healing properties. With the advent of modern tourism in the middle of the century, bathing as a source of delight progressively supplants bathing for therapeutical effects in the fl oating establishments placed all along the Grand Canal, and in the main hotels of the city.